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I come from America Ann and Nehemiah Wood

Three years ago, I came to know this marvelous woman. Her name is America Ann (Steele) Beirdneau. The reason I never knew about her for most of my life was because my sweet grandmother Pearl Harrison, did not like her mother in law. How does that affect my relationship with America Ann? Well, Pearl’s mother in law was America’s daughter Capitolia. So our family was stuck at Capitolia, we never even asked about those who came before her. We never brought her name up in my grandmother’s presence. In fact their disdain for each other was the thing of legends.

I have some semblance of an understanding of the discord between my grandmother Pearl and my great grandmother Capitolia, but I suspect there was another side which I never heard. And it doesn’t even matter. As a mother in law myself, I decided to give Capitolia a little grace, and to try to know her notwithstanding my grandmother’s prejudice. To give Pearl some credit, she was a sweet, kind and loving woman, not given to hating anyone or anything to my knowledge – ‘except her mother in law’. I’m sure she had what she considered good reasons, but I expect she regrets most of them now, and can recognize her part in them a little better from her present vantage point in the spirit world. In fact it’s entirely possible that it is her influence prompting me to get to know America. Who knows how things like this work in the spirit world?

America was born in Kentucky in 1829 just one year before the Church was organized. When she was a little girl her folks moved west to Iowa, where they heard the Restored Gospel preached and embraced it wholeheartedly. Abandoning previous plans, they moved to Nauvoo Illinois, becoming one of the hundreds of convert families who gathered there to live among the Saints.

America Ann Steele Birdneau

There, with people like themselves, they enjoyed a brief time of peace. America was baptized January 1 1844, just 6 months before Joseph and his brother Hyrum were murdered. She was 15 years old.

Her father William H. Steele worked on the temple in Nauvoo, and was in attendance at the meeting where it was reported that Governor Ford “pledged the honor of the State of Illinois that the Prophet and his brother should be protected, and have a fair trial”. It was recorded that when William told his wife Margaret about it later, he remarked that he knew from Governor Ford’s looks and actions, that Brother Joseph would be killed before morning.

When the ‘Mormons’ (those who followed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) were expelled from Illinois (and everywhere else), the Steele family joined the refugees in their trek to find a place to live and be safe, gathering with others in Council Bluffs Iowa. It was there that America met her future husband Nehemiah Wood Beirdneau (he was called ‘Wood’) in 1846.

She was nearly 17 and he was 22 when they married. I don’t know the events of the next few years. They had 5 children in the transitionary 11 years it took them to reach Utah. Their 5th child was Mary Capitolia, reportedly born in a covered wagon enroute to Zion on 12 August 1859, 17 days before they entered the Valley of the Great Salt Lake (on August 29, 1859). Mary Capitolia later became the mother of Leland Albert Harrison, my grandfather.

In April of 1861, nearly two years after arriving she received her endowment and was sealed to Wood and children in the Endowment House.

The family settled in Logan and built a home where Wood was a successful blacksmith, earning a comfortable living for them. Wood and America had a total of 8 children, 3 of them being born under the covenant in Logan. Like many men, Wood worked on the Salt Lake Temple. He had also worked on the Nauvoo Temple.

What I didn’t know until recently, was that somewhere along the line, not uncommon among the Saints, Wood took a second wife, Mary Bird Farrell a convert from Wales. Polygamy suddenly got real for me, and my heart breaks for the real people in such a difficult situation. Mary and America both received their endowments on the same day April 13 1861. They were both sealed to their husband Wood 10 days earlier, April 3 1861.

I do not know if they had separate homes or not; some polygamous families did, some did not, but clearly they knew each other well. Mary’s first child (a son Charles) was born 6 November 1862, a year and a half after they were sealed, so the implication is that they were married close to their sealing date. Mary had 6 children (all sons), and was 5 years younger than America. I hope they were friends.

Mary Bird Farrell Beirdneau

22 years later, Wood was called to assist in the settlement of Arizona. He was 59 years old when he took up the immigrant trail again to carve out a new life in the desert with Mary. America was 54 years old, and Mary was 49. Wood and Mary settled in Gila Valley Arizona. America refused to go, staying back with her two youngest (teenage) children, close to her six married children. I can hardly breathe when I try to imagine what that must have been like – for all concerned, but especially for America. I would have liked to have known them, these people from whom I came. About this – I would have cried with them. ALL.

It is interesting to note that beginning in 1862, the U.S. government passed a series of laws designed to force Latter-day Saints to relinquish plural marriage. From the very beginning, there had been tremendous opposition to polygamy, which continued to escalate. “In 1882, the U.S. Congress passed the Edmunds Act, which made unlawful cohabitation (interpreted as a man living with more than one wife) punishable by six months of imprisonment and a $300 fine.” 1 Up till that time, the Church did all it could to protect their right to live their religion, including years of court action, but after 1882. living plural marriage became an issue that conflicted with ‘the law‘. As a Church, a foundational tenet of their faith was to obey the law “We believe in . . . . obeying, honoring and sustaining the law.” (Article of Faith 12). Up till now, though unpopular, plural marriage was not against the laws of the land. Now it was. And now what?

Members of the Church were used to living with opposition; plural marriage was just part of the package, but now there was the added heartache of the uncertainty about the future of their families. Nehemiah Wood Beirdneau had two wives, and by 1883, had 14 children between them. Decisions had to be made. Very hard decisions. Painful decisions – that no one should ever have to make.

Wood never saw America or his first 8 children again. And in turn, though they communicated by letter, they never saw their husband, father and grandfather again.

Nehemiah Wood Beirdneau

In 1887 Congress went one step further, passing the Edmunds-Tucker Act to punish the Church itself, not just its members, for continuing to live as plural families. In consequence of tremendous pressure and at risk of losing all property, including the existing temples, Three years later, and more than a decade of fighting in the courts for their right to ‘live their religion’, President Wilford Woodruff announced on September 25 1890, what came to be known as “The Manifesto”. In it, he said, “Inasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural marriages, which laws have been pronounced constitutional by the court of last resort, I hereby declare my intention to submit to those laws, and to use my influence with the members of the Church over which I reside to have them do likewise.” The Manifesto was presented formally to the Church one week later at General Conference. While some no doubt were relieved, many Saints were devastated. It was an entire generation that had been raised in a world of plural marriage.

Zina Young – then General President of the Relief Society wrote this in her journal: “Today the hearts of all were tried but looked to God and submitted.”

Years later Wood’s daughter Chloe wrote “We tried to persuade him to return to Utah, but he always remarked, ‘I was called to Arizona and I will remain here until I am honorably released.’ He was honorably released by death September 7, l90l in Thatcher Arizona. He was 77.”

Her daughter Chloe said of America “My mother was a typical pioneer woman, taking the raw material and spinning and weaving yarn for stockings and cloth for dresses, petticoats, men’s clothing, blankets, etc. She was a member of the Logan choir for a good many years, and was a member of the Relief Society from the time of its first organization. She raised a family of eight children, but with it all, she had time always to assist the needy and those who were in distress.“

During the later years of her life she was a widow and spent her time with her children in Utah, Idaho, Oregon and Canada. She was active until the last few months of her life. She died in her 80th year in Logan, Utah.” (journal of Chloe Beirdneau) I find these words of her daughter Chloe interesting. She mentions her mother’s last years as a widow (which were 13 years), but before then she had lived 18 years separated from her husband by 800 miles, which may well have been 8000 miles for all their ability to travel them.

Thank you America Ann Steele Beirdneau, for accepting the gospel and for living it’s precepts all your days. Thank you for raising a good posterity, and for every tear you shed while doing so. Thank you for your mother’s heart. I’m sure it would have made you sad to learn of Capitolia’s poor relationship with her daughter in law, and subsequently with 16 of her grandchildren. I wonder what your counsel would have been to her through all those years?

I’ll give my gramma Pearl Harrison one more thing. She knocked herself out to have a loving relationship with her daughter in law – my mom. You’d have been proud of that. And she made a good wife and lifelong companion for your grandson Leland.

Warmly,

Cindy Suelzle

  1. The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics-essays/the-manifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage?lang=eng ↩︎
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Gabriel and Zacharias

I am loving my study of Jesus the Christ by James Edward Talmage. I have read it before but its been a long time, and it is an excellent companion to my current study of the New Testament. In 1905, the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, requested Talmage to write the book that would later come to be known as Jesus the Christ. They requested he compile his lectures (as a professor of religion), into a book that could be widely available to church members and other readers. At the time, Talmage had many responsibilities with his church callings, his family, and his profession that kept him from starting the book but nearly ten years later, following another request from the First Presidency, he began in earnest writing Jesus the Christ. Such was the importance the First Presidency placed on the writing of this book, that they set aside space in the Salt Lake Temple for him to work uninterrupted and without the usual distractions of everyday life.   Just under one year from starting it, Jesus the Christ was published in September 1915.

I am utterly amazed with every page that I read. Especially when I consider the conditions and time that Brother Talmage wrote. Writing in the world in which I live, I have at my fingertips, this computer – that I not only type on, but edit my own thoughts, and through which I can research almost any subject or printed work I desire. Most works on the life and ministry of the Saviour were written after Talmage’s time, though I am certain he had a few respected works that he read from. The most important sources of information however, were the scriptures themselves. and of course continual communion with the spirit of the Lord throughout the project. Clearly the fruits of his work were meant to be shared. It is my highest recommendation that everyone read it – at least once, hopefully several times. I promise that you will feel the spirit as you do, and that your testimony of Jesus the Christ will expand. You will refer back to the things you learn for many years to come.

What a joy it is for me to read it again with a few other women friends who are also reading in conjunction with their current study of the New Testament. We are taking turns reviewing chapters, and this chapter fell to me to share. In the interest of time (as I tend to be too wordy anyway) I chose to focus on Zacharias, as his story spoke to me.

My thoughts on chapter 7, the Annunciation of John and Jesus.

The story of the annunciation of the most important birth in the history of the world, and the annunciation of the forerunner that accompanies it, are in my opinion commonly skipped over, as to be almost a postscript of the Christmas story. We are all familiar with the stories. We could relate them briefly from memory: Gabriel visited the elderly priest Zacharias in the temple, and told him his prayers had been heard and that he and his wife Elisabeth would soon have a son. The angel told Zacharias that this boy would be great in the sight of the Lord, and that his name was to be John. We know that the priest was amazed to the point of doubting that such a thing was even possible, due to the age of he and his wife. He asked for a sign and was given one – that he would be dumb until the foretold events unfolded. And so it was.

We know that the same angel visited the young Mary a few months later, and gave her similar news. That she would conceive and bear a son whom she should name Jesus. We know that Mary was a virgin – which was integral to the story because no mortal man would be the father of this child. He would be the Son of God. Nothing doubting she willingly submitted herself completely, to her role in this wondrous plan. We know that the angel told her about her older cousin Elisabeth’s condition and that Mary went to visit her. We know that the two women, old and young – found solace in each other as they sorted out their respective roles. And then we get to the real event: Christmas story about the birth and the shepherds and the heavenly choir and the wisemen who came from the east. And we leave the annunciations to the side for another year, and another brief recounting.

I love that an entire chapter in JESUS THE CHRIST is devoted to fleshing out these two stories because in them lie truths and context that will aid us greatly in our understanding. Beginning with the story of Zacharias and Elisabeth, Elder Talmage explains that many generations had passed in Israel since any heavenly contact had been noted, even in the temple. In fact, the people had come almost to believe that those were things of the past and that there were no longer prophets in Israel. So it is not difficult to imagine the surprise, and even a healthy trepidation when Zacharias found himself no longer alone as he fulfilled his singular responsibilities in a part of the temple that was forbidden to everyone except for a chosen priest when called upon to be there. And even that priest would likely only be there once in his lifetime.

It may seem unnecessary but I believe it is important to Re-emphasize that Zacharias was a ‘good’ man. Such a good man that Luke described both he and his wife as “righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless“. I’d love to be described that way. Truly they “walked the covenant path” as we would say today. They had lived their lives out, never having been blessed with children – which no doubt was a great sorrow for them (for a number of reasons). The angel implied that that sorrow had been the subject of many a prayer on the part of Zacharias when he said “Fear not Zacharias; for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.” He further said that the couple would have joy and gladness and that many others as well “would rejoice at his birth, for he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb.” The angel said that John will go before the Lord teaching, and making ready the people for the Lord.

This ‘forerunner’ had been prophesied by Old Testament prophets, just as the coming Messiah had been prophesied, and there is little doubt that Zacharias recognized the prediction of what the angel now referred to. And THIS is where we should remind ourselves how good a man Zacharias was, because he had a ‘weak moment’, and for that weak moment – that temporary lack of faith, he was severely chastised. Gabriel stood tall and let Zacharias know just who exactly he was speaking to. “I am GABRIEL, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings. And behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words[!]” Take that Zack! That good and faithful man’s worst day was recorded for the rest of Christendom to reflect on for two thousand years. And sadly, it is the thing he became best known for. How would you like your worst moment – the one you regretted from the get-go, to be what you are immortalized for?

If John was foretold, and set apart before the world began for his great calling – as we believe those “noble and great ones” that Abraham spoke of were, then it was also known who his parents would be. Brigham Young said of Joseph Smith’s heritage “The Lord had his eyes upon him, and upon his father, and upon his father’s father, and upon their progenitors clear back to … Adam. He has watched that family and that blood as it has circulated from its fountain to the birth of that man.” John too, would have had chosen parentage, chosen and set apart for their respective roles and responsibilities. Zacharias was special and so was Elisabeth. Long before they knew they’d be the parents of the one who would introduce the Saviour of the world to humanity, it was known who they would be. Zacharias was no ordinary-joe; he was a noble servant of God, who ultimately gave his life protecting his son when Herod slew the innocents in and around the hills of Bethlehem. And yet, in a critical moment he hesitated / he doubted. No heavenly visitations recorded in Israel, no prophets speaking to Israel in over 500 years! That the first one in half a millennia would tell you something as unexpected as what Gabriel told that aged priest – who could blame him for doubting? Would we do any better?

Zacharias lived with that sad sign for nearly a year – unable to verbally communicate with anyone, including Elisabeth – about the wondrous-ness of what they were experiencing. Talmage refers to him as “highly blessed though sorely smitten”, the penalty for his doubt already operative before he left the temple, and in place till his tongue was loosened on the day of John’s circumcision when he burst forth in prophecy saying among other things “And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways; to give knowledge of salvation unto his people, by the remission of their sins, through the tender mercy of our God ….” Talmage said “The last words Zacharias had uttered prior to the infliction of dumbness, were words of doubt and unbelief, words in which he had called for a sign as proof of authority of one who came from the presence of the Almighty; the words with which he broke his long silence were words of praise unto God in whom he had ALL assurance …”

Yes, I think there may have been a little ‘shame’ in Zacharias having to live with the consequence of his doubt and challenge to the angel – so unbecoming of someone like himself. And yes, I think there might have been some tears as he confessed to Elisabeth why he had lost his power to speak. How could he not have felt it? But he was a better man than to wallow in it. He had learned a good lesson that I doubt he’d ever forget. He and Elisabeth had nine silent months to draw closer to God and to feel of His great love for them, and to marvel at the fact that they were about to have a son, and not just any son! It’s insightful to consider the humility that would naturally accompany the assignment to parent such a child! Such a privilege. Oh, I am SURE they knew they were loved and trusted – notwithstanding past mistakes.

There may be times in our lives when we’re not our best selves. Times when our faith wavers, when we doubt and question things we never thought we’d doubt or question. Or perhaps someone we love lets us down in the moment they should have done better. I believe Zacharias would have some counsel for us. I believe he would own his ‘moment’ and refer to it as the great lesson it was for him. I’d love to hear his counsel. I believe he would ask us to allow ourselves a little grace, and that he’d reassure us God never stops loving us – even when we have to live out some natural consequences of our actions. “Let God prevail” I think he would say. And surely God WILL prevail.

Thank you Zacharias for moving forward in faith. And for never wavering again. Thank you for telling your story so that Luke could write it down many years later. Thank you for being brave enough to let your weak moment be known, so that we could learn from it, and more understand the nature of God. Thank you for the important role you played in events that you never lived to see transpire. Thank you for living your life in such a way that God chose you to play that role.

Thank you Elisabeth for loving the man that he was, and for being patient in living with the consequence of his mistake, not your own. Thank you for being a true mother in Zion even when you despaired of ever having your own children, and for devoting the rest of your life to raising this one very special son.

Thank you Luke for being kind to Zacharias as you shared his story, and for emphasizing that notwithstanding what we were about to learn about him, he was an exceptionally good and obedient man, walking blameless before the Lord.

Thank you Brother Talmage for feeling a love for Zacharias, and for helping me to see him through a different lens.

I’d love to hear your thoughts Reader, on this great and humble figure in the New Testament – who would have lived his life out in obscurity except for the son he would sire. And of course his one weak moment.

Warmly,

Cindy Suelzle

*quote about Joseph Smith’s heritage found in Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young (1997), pg 96.
*other quotes found in the chapter reviewed here